SS-31
Research OnlyModerate EvidenceSS-31 (Elamipretide / Bendavia)
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing oxidative stress and restoring ATP production — researched for heart failure, ALS, and aging.
A tiny four-amino-acid peptide that selectively concentrates in the inner membrane of mitochondria — the cell's energy factories. Studied for protecting mitochondrial function from oxidative damage, with clinical trials underway for heart failure, kidney disease, and age-related energy decline.
Half-Life
~1–2 hours
Molecular Weight
638.8 g/mol
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide developed by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller. It carries a net positive charge that concentrates it selectively in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), where it binds to cardiolipin — a phospholipid critical for the electron transport chain. By stabilizing cardiolipin and reducing electron leak, SS-31 decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, preserves cristae structure, and restores ATP synthesis in stressed or aging mitochondria. Phase II clinical trials have investigated it for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), mitochondrial myopathy, and Barth syndrome. It represents one of the most mechanistically credible longevity compounds currently in active clinical development.
Also Known As
Amino Acid Sequence
D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. Store at -20°C. Sensitive to oxidation — use promptly after reconstitution.
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